Okay, took a while before I better understood this. So, this is the answer that would have gotten me moving in the right direction (for any future reference):
The thing to understand is that for this project, you want to manipulate data to and from a database, which means that (at least for now, for the sake of simplicity), the key is to get your data into a package and send it up to the server, and then have a function running on the server take up the yoke from there.
The way to do that (old school), is with a form.
When you SUBMIT a form, all that data on the form is bundled up and sent to the server.
In this instance you have an index.html page, and that page will open a new page for each of the functions you're trying to track. Use JavaScript to pop open the window and then when you include the URL for the window, pop in a Popup_SpecificFunction.php file. (change SpecificFunction as needed)
So far, so good. ;)
Now, in that Popup_SpecificFunction.php, you will collect all your data under a single form. A good ol' HTML form, with a [SUBMIT] button. That very same Popup_SpecificFunction.php file also has a reference in the header, referring to the big main library of PHP functions -- which is a file sitting on the server.
That [SUBMIT] button invokes a ProcessAllThisData function -- which is on the server-side PHP file. In doing this, it sends all the data from the form -- including a lot of data you include in hidden controls -- to the serverside function.
And at that point, you are basically "on the server" with all your data, and then you can just code that function in PHP and manipulate the database and other stuff as needed.
Using the form was the thought-jump you needed, because prior to this, you've generally thought of forms as standalone data, but they can have actions associated with the entire forms.
You can still use JavaScript to do client-side stuff, but here's another thing that can trip a person up:
There is a difference between these two HTML items as far as whether or not you should use them to send data to and from the server, or whether or not you are just going to JavaScript something on that button:
<button></button>
and
<input type="button"></input>
You might have to experiment a bit to figure out which is which.
This was everything you needed to get you moving in the right direction.
Sincerely,
Future Me. :)
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PHP (from the English Hypertext Preprocessor - hypertext preprocessor) is a scripting programming language for developing web applications. Supported by most hosting providers, it is one of the most popular tools for creating dynamic websites.
The PHP scripting language has gained wide popularity due to its processing speed, simplicity, cross-platform, functionality and distribution of source codes under its own license.
https://www.php.net/
JavaScript is a multi-paradigm language that supports event-driven, functional, and mandatory (including object-oriented and prototype-based) programming types. Originally JavaScript was only used on the client side. JavaScript is now still used as a server-side programming language. To summarize, we can say that JavaScript is the language of the Internet.
https://www.javascript.com/
Node.js is an open source server-side framework built on top of the Google Chrome JavaScript Engine. The number of sites using NodeJS has increased by 84,000. It is one of the busiest cross-platform JavaScript runtimes. Node.js is an asynchronous, single-threaded, non-blocking I / O model that makes it lightweight and efficient. The Node.js package ecosystem, npm, is also the world's largest open source library ecosystem.
https://nodejs.org/
HTML (English "hyper text markup language" - hypertext markup language) is a special markup language that is used to create sites on the Internet.
Browsers understand html perfectly and can interpret it in an understandable way. In general, any page on the site is html-code, which the browser translates into a user-friendly form. By the way, the code of any page is available to everyone.
https://www.w3.org/html/
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